The main semiconductor materials for thin-film solar panels include:

Amorphous Silicon: Amorphous silicon is one of the most common types of thin-film cells. It must be combined with hydrogen to conduct electricity. Amorphous silicon solar cells are frequently found in electronic products such as calculators and watches.

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe): Cadmium telluride is another commercially viable thin-film semiconductor material. It has lower cost and a longer payback period, while also using less water over its lifespan. However, cadmium is a toxic element and can cause environmental pollution if not handled properly.

Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS): CIGS thin-film solar cells can be deposited on plastic, significantly reducing weight and increasing flexibility.

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs): Gallium arsenide is another thin-film semiconductor material, but due to its higher cost, it is typically used for specific high-performance applications.